ArXiv · 2025
The PandaX-xT cryogenic distillation system for removing radon (Rn) is designed to operate at a high liquid flow rate of 856 kg/h, equal to 5 liters per minute (LPM), to meet the required Rn concentration. However, it is challenging to maintain a continuous supply of cooling power (20 kW) for the Rn-removal system. This work proposes a throttling refrigeration system to address the power supply problem for the next-generation PandaX-xT dark matter detection experiment. The system utilizes carbon tetrafluoride (R14) refrigerant to recover power based on heat pump principles. The cooling power from the liquid xenon (LXe) in the reboiler at 178 K is transferred to liquefy the gaseous xenon (GXe) in the cryostat through the phase change circulation of R14, enabling xenon (Xe) to return to the detector in the same state as when it was extracted. Consequently, a stable circulation for liquid distillation is established. Given the high cost of Xe, a research and development (R&D) experiment has been conducted to validate the feasibility of this high-cooling-recovery system by using ethanol as a substitute for Xe. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system could achieve a cooling power recovery of 25 kW, with a recovery efficiency of 99%+-0.5%. Additionally, process simulation and optimization of the throttling refrigeration cycle are performed using Aspen Hysys. The deviation between the simulation and experimental results is found to be <3.64%. These findings demonstrate that implementing Rn-removal distillation at a high flow rate is feasible, eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen or cryocoolers. This system could save approximately 3650 m3 of liquid nitrogen per year or reduce power consumption by 230 kW.
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