ArXiv · 2026
We study how ferromagnetism breaks down in the spin-1/2 nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model on the maple-leaf lattice with ferromagnetic Jₜ,J_d and antiferromagnetic Jₕ, motivated by the mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic interactions in Na₂Mn₃O₇. Exact diagonalization shows that the ferromagnetic boundary does not feature a zero-field spin-nematic phase on the clusters studied here, but an extended regime of incommensurate spin-density-wave correlations with continuously evolving ordering vector. The phase diagram also contains collinear Néel, canted 120^∘, and hexagonal-singlet regimes, separated by regions that remain difficult to classify from exact diagonalization alone. Variational tests of fully symmetric Gutzwiller-projected Abrikosov-fermion U(1) and Z₂ states find no competitive spin-liquid description of the interior unresolved regions. By contrast, on the ruby-lattice boundary we identify a point between the collinear Néel and hexagonal-singlet phases where a projected Z₂ Ansatz reproduces the finite-size energy and spin correlations with good accuracy.
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