ArXiv · 2026
We derive a way to diagnose band topology for graphene with triangular and/or honeycomb array of nanoholes directly from the lattice constant of superstructure m√3× m√3 with integer m. Taking into account the C₆ᵥ crystalline symmetry respected by nanoholes and their array, we demonstrate that nontrivial topology appears periodically with m with period two (six) for triangular (honeycomb) array. These behaviors are verified by Wyckoff positions of Wannier centers and parity index of valence bands at high-symmetry points in Brillouin zone. The results provide a convenient guide for material design of topological electronic states based on graphene derivatives.
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