The recently observed signatures of superconductivity proximate to a fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) state in a twisted MoTe₂ bilayer has revitalized interest in quantum phases of matter induced by anyon dynamics. Here we show how a panoply of anyon-driven phases associated with doping the lattice ν=2/3 FQAH state can be realized as competing instabilities of a Fermi surface of charge-e/3 ``quarks'' coupled to a SU(3)₋₁ Chern-Simons gauge field, which is dual to the more conventional U(1)₃ Chern-Simons-Ginzburg-Landau theory of quasiholes. For example, a range of electronic superconductors emerge from color superconductivity, under which the Fermi surface experiences a pairing instability mediated by gauge fluctuations. These include SC⋆ phases – where superconductivity coexists with topological order – as well as topological superconductors displaying half-integer chiral central charges when the quarks are weakly paired. One example is a p+ip ``color-valley-locked'' superconductor, a topological analogue of the color superconductor familiar in quantum chromodynamics. On the other hand, both superconducting and non-Fermi liquid phases can emerge when the quarks form an itinerant ferromagnet, polarizing the Fermi surface to a particular combination of colors. Finally, our framework naturally accommodates the possibility of anyonic bound state formation, allowing access to phases induced by doping anyons of charge 2e/3 as opposed to e/3 within the same model. Our work unifies many earlier proposed anyonic phases as instabilities of a single parent quark metal phase, distilling their emergence into a competition between superconductivity and itinerant color ferromagnetism.