We present an oscillator-driven femtosecond transient microspectroscopy system based on supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The system operates at 80 MHz without pulse amplification, enabling high-sensitivity measurements with a detection sensitivity better than 10⁻⁴ while using low pulse energies suitable for microspectroscopy. Optimization of the PCF length (≤ 50 mm) suppresses dispersion-induced chirp, achieving nearly uniform temporal resolution below 100 fs across 450-900 nm. The high-repetition-rate operation allows rapid spectral acquisition and efficient noise reduction. The developed system provides micrometer-scale spatial resolution and supports both reflection and transmission configurations. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in multilayer and monolayer MoS₂ are successfully resolved, including spatially dependent relaxation within a single monolayer flake. These results demonstrate a versatile platform for probing local ultrafast dynamics in low-dimensional materials.