ArXiv · 2026
An ensemble of N two-level molecules prepared in its ground state and sharing a lossless cavity with a weak field does not simply absorb: the intensity collapses and then recurs, in a train of collective photon echoes. Working from the exact solution of the Tavis-Cummings model in the few-photon regime n̄<N, we confirm the echo time τ_E=4π√(N+Δ)/g numerically at resonance from N=5 to 400, the small-N end discriminating this form from the alternative 4π√(N-n̄+Δ)/g in its favor. The initial state requires no preparation, being the ground state. The echo time is independent of the initial photon distribution: coherent, thermal, squeezed and oscillatory-squeezed distributions spanning variances from 2 to 34 all recur together, as does a controlled pair with identical mean and variance differing only in the shape of ρₙₙ. The echo amplitude is not: it varies at the tens-of-percent level at fixed mean, including a factor of 1.8 with the squeezing phase at fixed squeezing strength. Detuning organizes the dynamics into two clean regimes separated by a fragmented crossover, the dispersive-branch echo time approaching one-half the resonant one, and sufficient detuning removes the dependence on the initial Dicke state. For arbitrary initial Dicke state, emission replaces absorption at m≃-N/2+n̄, and the echo envelope acquires one component per step up the ladder: a single-component echo occurs only at the ground state. A feasibility analysis against a five-qubit superconducting device, with Lindblad simulations of cavity decay and dephasing and full-Hilbert-space disorder simulations, shows the first echoes observable at N∼5-20 on existing hardware: the echo survives the dominant loss channel with contrast ∼ e^(-κτ_E/2), photons being shielded from cavity decay while resident in the emitters.
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