ArXiv · 2026
Magic |T⟩-state preparation dominates the cost of fault-tolerant quantum computation on surface codes, yet cultivation and distillation are typically provisioned statically, leaving much of the program's error budget unused. We present Gap-Priced |T⟩ States (GP|T⟩-S), a lattice surgery scheduler and factory allocator that co-optimizes both methods under a total T-error budget. GP|T⟩-S uses the complementary gap of each cultivated state as a fidelity estimate and dynamically adjusts the cultivation gap cutoff, converting budget slack into speed by giving the scheduler control over the cultivation post-selection. GP|T⟩-S also characterizes distillation factories by size, |T⟩-state production rate, and budget slack, and introduces cultivating factories that embed cultivation within routing channels, achieving fidelities otherwise requiring two-level distillation at a single-level footprint. GP|T⟩-S organizes these characterizations into a factory catalog, and performs distillation factory allocation over this catalog in tandem with the gap cutoff using dynamic-programming to achieve one of i) minimum spacetime volume, ii) minimum execution time, or iii) minimum space overhead, all within a user-provided T-error budget. Across sixteen benchmarks under high and low T-error budgets of 10⁻³ and 10⁻⁵ respectively, GP|T⟩-S consistently outperforms cultivation-only and single-factory baselines without exceeding the budget, achieving a 5.5× geometric mean speedup in logical cycle count and a 3.4× geometric mean reduction in space-time volume.
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