ArXiv · 2026
High-speed beam steering for LiDAR and optical communication requires independent, reconfigurable control of optical phase. We demonstrate a metasurface combining lithium niobate's Pockels effect with high-Q (Q > 1700) silicon guided-mode resonance nanoantennas whose localized resonances allow individual electro-optic control at a 1 μm pitch. Identical arrays steer light to 53.5^∘ or 32.4^∘, with the angle set by the bias pattern rather than antenna geometry. We measure 18.0% 0th-order modulation depth, 0.09% of incident power in the steered order, and a 940 MHz detected modulation bandwidth. Mode-overlap analysis shows how inter-element coupling limits usable Q, providing design rules for compact, high-speed beam steering.
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