ArXiv · 2026
Existing most-significant-digit-first (MSDF) accelerators serialize input-term processing, causing inner-product latency to increase with fan-in. This paper presents PARIS, an MSDF architecture that eliminates input-term serialization through parallel bit-plane reduction and shared carry-save residual selection. For B-bit operands, PARIS processes B² bit-position pairs, independent of fan-in within the supported tile, while generating exact MSDF outputs. Synthesized in 45 nm at 100 MHz, the 784-lane INT8 core occupies 0.008701 mm² and completes an inner product in 88 cycles. Evaluation on two MNIST multilayer perceptrons demonstrates arithmetic-workload speedups of 240.44× and 180.47× over a matched reused-MSDF implementation, reducing arithmetic energy by 98.89% and 98.58%, respectively. A synthesized 16-engine accelerator occupies 0.90273 mm² and meets the 100 MHz timing constraint. Assuming immediate weight availability, it delivers a projected throughput of 24.33 GOPS and an estimated energy efficiency of 1,581.14 GOPS/W at unchanged mapped power. Bias-aware ReLU detection further reduces modeled arithmetic cycles by 5.52% and 4.86%. A separate 256-engine RTL implementation completes Model A in 259 cycles, demonstrating output-parallel scalability.
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