While coherent excitons have recently been observed to dress electronic states in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES), exciton-driven dressing in optical spectroscopy remains largely unexplored. This work develops a theoretical and computational approach to exciton-driven dressing effects in transient absorption spectroscopy in the time-dependent adiabatic GW formalism and derives two symmetry- and band topology-protected selections rules for exciton-dressed transient absorption, unique from tr-ARPES. We then numerically calculate exciton-dressed transient absorption spectra of monolayer MoS2 and demonstrate the selection rules and their lifting after symmetry breaking.